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Lithocarpus
densiflorus |
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Family: Fagaceae |
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Tanoak |
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Tanoak is a
genus with about 100 species native to North America [1] and Asia/Indomalaysia
[100]. It is believed to be an evolutionary link between the oaks (Quercus spp.) and chestnuts (Castanea spp.). The name lithocarpus is derived from the
Greek, stone and fruit, in allusion to the hard acorns. Cyclobalanops spp., Quercus
densiflora and Pasania densiflora are old scientific names.
Lithocarpus
densiflorus
-California chestnut oak, chestnut oak, live oak, peach oak, tanbark oak.
Distribution
Southwestern
Oregon south to southern California, on the coast and in the Sierra Nevada.
The Tree
The flowers of
tanoak resemble chestnut flowers, while the fruits look more like those of oaks
(acorns). Tanoak grows mostly in association with redwood, Douglas-fir and
California live oak. In close stands the trunks are long and rarely straight,
while in the open they are short and thick. The bark is pale brown tinged with
red, and can be gray in places. It can be smooth, or broken into wide, square
plates by narrow seams. Tanoak is a slow-growing species, resistant to insects,
but susceptible to fire injury. The flowers are produced in upright spikes or
catkins, with the male flowers on the upper three-fourths of the flower spike
and the female flowers (one-several) at the base. The fruits are acorns with
fringed cups and thin scales. Tanoak requires moist climates and grows in
association with coastal redwood, Port Orford cedar, Douglas-fir, bigleaf maple
and box elder.
The Wood
General
The sapwood and
heartwood are light to dark red brown. The wood of tanoak is diffuse porous
with wide rays.
Mechanical
Properties (2-inch standard)
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Compression |
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Specific gravity |
MOE x106 lbf/in2 |
MOR lbf/in2 |
Parallel lbf/in2 |
Perpendicular lbf/in2 |
WMLa in-lbf/in3 |
Hardness lbf |
Shear lbf/in2 |
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Green |
0.58 |
1.55 |
10,500 |
4,650 |
3,640 |
13.4 |
— |
1,410 |
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Dry |
— |
2.16 |
16,600 |
9,200 |
1,660 |
— |
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1,960 |
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aWML = Work to maximum load.
Reference (59). |
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Drying and
Shrinkage
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Type of shrinkage |
Percentage of
shrinkage |
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0% MC |
6% MC |
20% MC |
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Tangential |
11.7 |
— |
8.0 |
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Radial |
4.9 |
— |
2.7 |
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Volumetric |
17.3 |
— |
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References: 0% MC (98), |
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Kiln Drying
Schedulesa
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Stock |
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Condition |
4/4, 5/4, 6/4 |
8/4 |
10/4 |
12/4 |
16/4 |
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Standard |
T3-B1 |
T3-B1 |
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aReferences
(6, 86). |
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Working
Properties: No information available at this time. Durability: No information
available at this time.
Preservation:
No information available at this time.
Uses: Flooring,
crossties, fuel wood, mine timbers, baseball bats, veneers, pulpwood,
furniture. Historically, bark was used for tannin extraction.
Toxicity: No
information available at this time.
Additional
Reading and References Cited (in parentheses)
6.?Boone,
R.S.; Kozlik, C.J.; Bois, P.J.; Wengert, E.M. 1988. Dry kiln schedules for
commercial woods-temperate
and tropical. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-57. Madison, WI: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
29.?Elias,
T.S. 1980. The complete trees of North America, field guide and natural
history. New York: van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
55.
?Little, Jr., E.L. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and
naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. U.S. Government Printing Office.
67.
Olson, W.Z. 1955. Gluing characteristics of chinquapin, tanoak, California
laurel, and madrone. Rep. 2030. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest
Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
68.
Panshin, A.J.; de Zeeuw, C. 1980. Textbook of wood technology, 4th ed. New
York: McGraw—Hill Book Co..
69.
Paul, B.H.; Dohr, A.W.; Drow, J.T. 1955. Specific gravity, shrinkage and
strength of tanoak. Rep. 2041. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest
Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
74.
Record, S.J.; Hess R.W. 1943. Timbers of the new world. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press.
86.
Simpson, W.T. 1991. Dry kiln operator's manual. Ag. Handb. 188. Madison, WI:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
90.
Summitt, R.; Sliker, A. 1980. CRC handbook of materials science. Boca Raton,
FL: CRC Press, Inc. Vol. 4.
98. U.S.
Department of Agriculture. 1987. Wood handbook: wood as an engineering
material. Agric. Handb. 72. (Rev.) Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture.
466 p.